George Burroughs - Salem Witch Trials

George Burroughs - Salem Witch Trials George Burroughs was the only minister executed as part of the Salem Witch Trials on  August 19, 1692. He was about 42 years of age.   Before the Salem Witch Trials George Burroughs, a 1670 Harvard graduate, grew up in Roxbury, MA; his mother returned to England, leaving him in Massachusetts. His first wife was Hannah Fisher; they had nine children. He served as a minister in Portland, Maine, for two years, surviving King Philips War and joining other refugees in moving farther south for safety. He took a job as minister of the Salem Village Church in 1680 and his contract was renewed the next year. There was no parsonage yet, so George and Hannah Burroughs moved into the home of John Putnam and his wife Rebecca. Hannah died in childbirth in 1681, leaving George Burroughs with a newborn and two other children. He had to borrow money for his wifes funeral. Not surprisingly, he remarried soon. His second wife was Sarah Ruck Hathorne, and they had four children. As had happened with his predecessor, the first minister to serve Salem Villages separately from Salem Town, the church would not ordain him and he left in a bitter salary fight, at one point being arrested for debt, though members of the congregation paid his bail. He left in 1683, moving back to Falmouth. John Hathorne served on the church committee to find Burroughs replacement. George Burroughs moved to Maine, to serve the church in Wells. This was near enough the border with French Canada that the threat of French and Indian war parties was real. Mercy Lewis, who lost relatives in one of the attacks on Falmouth, fled to Casco Bay, with a group that included Burroughs and her parents. The Lewis family then moved to Salem, and when Falmouth seemed safe, moved back. In 1689, George Burroughs and his family survived another raid, but Mercy Lewis parents were killed and she began to work as a servant for George Burroughss family. One theory is that she saw her parents killed. Mercy Lewis later moved to Salem Village from Maine, joining many other refugees, and became a servant with the Putnams of Salem Village. Sarah died in 1689, probably also in childbirth, and Burroughs moved with his family to Wells, Maine. He married a third time; with this wife, Mary, he had a daughter. Burroughs was apparently familiar with some works of Thomas Ady, critical of witchcraft prosecutions, whom he later quoted at his trial: A Candle in the Dark, 1656; A Perfect Discovery of Witches, 1661; and The Doctrine of Devils, 1676. The Salem Witch Trials On April 30, 1692, several of the girls of Salem leveled accusations of witchcraft at George Burroughs. He was arrested on May 4 in Maine - family legend says while he was eating dinner with his family - and was forcibly returned to Salem, to be jailed there on May 7. He was accused of such acts as lifting weights beyond what would be humanly possible to lift. Some in town thought he might be the dark man spoken of in many of the accusations. On May 9, George Burroughs was examined by magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne; Sarah Churchill was examined the same day. His treatment of his first two wives was one subject of the interrogation; another was his supposed unnatural strength. The girls testifying against him said that his first two wives and the wife and child of his successor at Salem Church  visited as specters and accused Burroughs of killing them. He was accused of not baptizing most of his children. He protested his innocence. Burroughs was moved to Boston jail. The next day, Margaret Jacobs was examined, and she implicated George Burroughs. On August 2, the Court of Oyer and Terminer heard the case against Burroughs, as well as cases against John and Elizabeth Proctor, Martha Carrier, George Jacobs, Sr. and John Willard. On August 5, George Burroughs was indicted by a grand jury; then a trial jury found him and five others guilty of witchcraft. Thirty-five citizens of Salem Village signed a petition to the court, but it did not move the court. The six, including Burroughs, were sentenced to death. After the Trials On August 19, Burroughs was taken to Gallows Hill to be executed. Though there was a widely held belief that a true witch could not recite the Lords Prayer, Burroughs did so, astounding the crowd. After Boston minister Cotton Mather reassured the crowd that his execution was the result of a court decision, Burroughs was hanged. George Burroughs was hanged  the same day as were John Proctor, George Jacobs, Sr., John Willard and Martha Carrier. The next day, Margaret Jacobs recanted her testimony against both Burroughs and her grandfather, George Jacobs, Sr. As with the others executed, he was cast into a common, unmarked grave. Robert Calef later said that he had been buried so poorly that his chin and hand protruded from the ground. In 1711,  the  legislature  of the Province of Massachusetts Bay  restored all rights to those who had been accused in the 1692 witch trials. Included were George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacob, John Willard, Giles and  Martha Corey,  Rebecca Nurse,  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How,  Mary Easty, Sarah Wilds, Abigail Hobbs, Samuel Wardell, Mary Parker, Martha Carrier, Abigail Faulkner,  Anne (Ann) Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury, and Dorcas Hoar. The legislature also gave compensation to the heirs of 23 of those convicted, in the amount of  £600. George Burroughs children were among those.

The First Shopping Mall in America

The First Shopping Mall in America Malls are collections of independent retail stores and services conceived, constructed and maintained by a management firm. Occupants can include restaurants, banks, theaters, professional offices and even service stations. The Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota became the first enclosed mall to open in 1956 and several more innovations have come about since to make shopping easier and more efficient for both store owners and customers.   The First Department Stores   Bloomingdales was founded in 1872 by two brothers named Lyman and Joseph Bloomingdale. The store rode the popularity of the hoop skirt to great success and practically invented the department store concept at the beginning of the 20th century. John Wanamaker follwed soon after with the  opening of The Grand Depot, a six-story round department store in Philadelphia in 1877. While Wanamaker modestly declined taking credit for inventing the department store, his store was definitely cutting edge. His innovations included the first white sale, modern price tags and the first in-store restaurant. He pioneered the use of money-back guarantees and newspaper ads to advertise his retail goods.   But before Bloomingdales and The Grand Depot, Mormon leader Brigham Young founded Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution  in Salt Lake City in 1868. Familiarly known as  ZMCI, some historians credit Youngs shop with being the first department store,  though most give the credit to John Wanamaker. ZCMI sold clothing, dry goods, drugs, groceries, produce, shoes, trunks, sewing machines, wagons and machinery sold and organized in all types of â€Å"departments.† Mail Order Catalogs Arrive Aaron Montgomery Ward sent out the first mail order catalog in 1872 for his Montgomery Ward business. Ward first worked for the department store Marshall Field as both a store clerk and a traveling salesman. As a traveling salesman, he  realized that his rural customers would be better served by mail order, which turned out to be a revolutionary idea. He started Montgomery Ward with only $2,400 in capital.  The first catalog was a single sheet of paper with a price list that advertised  the merchandise for sale along with ordering instructions. From this humble beginning, it grew and became more heavily illustrated and chock full of goods, earning the nickname dream book. Montgomery Ward  was a mail-order-only business until 1926 when the first retail store opened in Plymouth, Indiana. The First Shopping Carts Sylvan Goldman invented the first shopping cart in 1936. He owned a chain of  Oklahoma City grocery stores called Standard/Piggly-Wiggly. He created his first cart by adding two wire baskets and wheels to a folding chair. Together with his mechanic Fred Young, Goldman later designed a dedicated shopping cart in 1947 and formed the Folding Carrier Company to manufacture them. Orla Watson  of Kansas City, Missouri is credited with inventing the telescoping shopping cart in 1946. Using hinged baskets, each shopping cart was fitted into the shopping cart ahead of it for compact storage. These telescoping shopping carts were first used at Floyd Days Super Market in 1947. Silicon Valley inventor George Cokely, who also invented  the Pet Rock, came up with a modern solution to one of the supermarket industrys oldest problems: stolen shopping carts. Its called Stop Z-Cart. The wheel of the shopping cart holds the device which contains a chip and some electronics. When a cart is rolled a certain distance away from the store, the store knows about it. The First Cash Registers James Ritty invented the incorruptible cashier in 1884 after receiving a patent in 1883. It was  the first working, mechanical cash register.  His invention came with that familiar ringing  sound referred to in advertising as the bell heard round the world.† The cash register was initially sold by the National Manufacturing Company. After reading a description of it, John H. Patterson immediately decided to buy both the company and the patent. He renamed the company the National Cash Register Company in 1884. Patterson improved the register by adding a paper roll to record sales transactions. Charles F. Kettering later designed a cash register with an electric motor in 1906 while he was working at the National Cash Register Company.   Shopping Goes High Tech A Philadelphia pharmacist named Asa Candler invented the coupon in 1895. Candler bought  Coca-Cola  from original inventor Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist. Candler placed coupons in newspapers for free Cokes from any fountain to help promote the new soft drink. Several years later, the patent for the  bar code  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ U.S. Patent #2,612,994 – was issued to inventors Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver on October 7, 1952.   All this would be for naught, whoever, if people couldnt get inside to shop. So credit goes to Horton Automatics co-founders Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt for inventing the automatic sliding door in 1954. The company developed and sold the door in America in 1960. These automatic doors used mat actuators. AS Horton Automatics explains on its website: The idea came to Lew Hewitt and Dee Horton to build an automatic sliding door back in the mid-1950s when they saw that existing swing doors had difficulty operating  in Corpus Christis winds. So the two men went to work inventing an automatic sliding door that would circumvent the problem of high winds and their damaging effect.  Horton Automatics Inc. was formed in 1960, placing the first commercial automatic sliding door on the market and literally establishing a brand new industry.   Their first automatic sliding door in operation was a unit donated to the City of Corpus Christi for its Shoreline Drive utilities department. The first one sold was installed at the old Driscoll Hotel for its Torch Restaurant. All this would set the stage for megamalls. Giant megamalls werent developed until the 1980s when the West Edmonton Mall opened in Alberta, Canada with more than 800 stores. It was open to the public  in 1981  and featured a hotel, amusement park, miniature golf course, a church, a water park for sunbathing and surfing, a zoo and a 438-foot lake.

What Economic Factors are the Reason for the Decline of Retailers and Term Paper

What Economic Factors are the Reason for the Decline of Retailers and Department Stores such as JC Penney and Staples - Term Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that external economic factors have often been argued to influence operational efficiencies of contemporary organizations that further cause negative implications for the organizations’ competitive sustainability within the industry context. In this regard, the economic factors can be considered as one of the major influencing factors having strong negative impacts on the organizations while performing business operations in the overseas markets. For instance, the business decline of few leading retailers and departmental stores such as J.C. Penney Company Inc. (JCP) and Staples Inc. (Staples) has been witnessed as the recent illustrations of impacts caused by economic factors on business stability and sustenance. Emphasising the influence of economic factors, the primary objective of this report is to identify and critically analyze the key economic factors responsible for the decline of retailers and department stores such as JC Penn ey and Staples. In this regard, the report also tends to assess each key economic factor to have a major influence on the multinationals while performing their business functions in the overseas locations. In addition, the report also critically discusses the negative scenarios faced by these widely renowned retailers and departmental stores owing to the economic factors operating in their external business environment. The emergence of globalization has been observed to improve the business performance of the firms irrespective of their inhabiting business industry.

Guillermo Furniture Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guillermo Furniture Store - Essay Example Changing cost relationship and behaviour of customers in the fast transforming format of society have become critical elements for making decisions by the managers. In the recent times, the emerging new environment of high competition from overseas businesses has significantly challenged the successful running of Guillermo’s Furniture Store in Sonora, Mexico. The advent of overseas businesses with their hi-tech gadgets and low cost goods has hugely impacted Guillermo’s business. It has not only suffered financial loss but the low cost furniture from its competitors has also resulted in loss of customers who increasingly prefer the new stores as it meets their requirements for inexpensive furniture. The low cost furniture of the competitor has necessitated priority decision making by the manager of Guillermo so it could compete effectively against them. Another important issue that influences managerial decision making is the increasing higher cost of labor which has eme rged as a result of large influx of people due to the development of nation’s headquarter in the neighborhood. The development in and around Sonora with new international airport, inexpensive housing etc., has made it highly attractive for myriad businesses and tourists.

Liberalism and Colonialism Essay Example for Free

Liberalism and Colonialism Essay Liberalism is both egalitarian and inegalitarian, it stresses both the unity of mankind and the hierarchy of cultures, it is both tolerant and intolerant, peaceful and violent, pragmatic and dogmatic, skeptical and self-righteous. Bhikhu Parekh examines the writing of John Locke and John Stuart Mill, two of greatest liberal philosophers. Locke state that the Indians had cultivated and lived on their land for centuries and it was their ‘rightful inheritance’. He asked the English settlers for information about the Indian way of life, and built up an impressive collection of books dealing with the European exploration of the Americas. The Indian way of life offered a realistic contrast to, and provided most valuable insights into, the nature and structure of political society. Locke’s analysis of the nature of reason was complex and inconsistent, by and large he thought that it analysed and reflected on the sense impressions, perceived similarities and dissimilarities between different events and entities, traced their causes, and formed universally valid generalizations. Locke analysed English colonialism in America in terms of his theory of man and society. He argued that since the American Indians roamed freely over the land and did not enclose it, it was not their land; they used it as one would use a common land, but they had no property in it. In Locke’s view, English colonization not only did them no harm, but also respected their natural rights and conferred on them great economic, moral, cultural, scientific and political benefits. Locke characterized two modes of colonization, one based on ‘conquest by sword’ and represented by Spanish, the other based on commerce and represented by the English. Whilst Locke’s principle of equality offer at least some moral protection to Indians, it offered them no political protection. Indians were entitled to equality as individuals, but not as an organized society. As individuals their basic rights and interests were to be fully protected. Locke defined equality, it obtained only between the civilized nations and placed the non-civilized societies outside the pale of international law and morality. For John Mill’s philosophical ideas, Europeans were interested primarily not so much in unburdening their surplus population and settling in these countries as in trade, commerce and olitical control. This new phase of colonialism usually called imperialism. For Mill, man was a progressive being whose ultimate destiny was to secure the fullest development of his intellectual, moral, aesthetic and other faculties. In Mill’s view, human beings had both a natural and a historically acquired tendency towards conformity, which only a few were able to fight successfully on their own. For Mill as for most other liberals, individuality represented human destiny, but it was not underwritten by and even went against some of deepest tendencies of human nature. Like Locke, Mill divided human societies into two, but his principle of classification was different. In some societies, which he called civilized, human beings were in the ‘maturity of their faculties’ and had ‘attained the capacity of being guided to their own improvement by conviction or persuasion. By contrast all non-European societies were ‘backward’, and human beings there were in a state of ‘nonage’ and ‘infancy’. Although Mill stressed the value of diversity, he defined its nature and permissible range in narrow terms. He linked diversity to individuality and choice, and valued the former only in so far as it was grounded in the individualist conception of man. It ruled out traditional and customary ways of life, as well as those centred on the community. More so than Locke, Mill condemned the racist arrogance of and the misuse of political power by the colonial bureaucrats and yet he had no difficulty sharing the colonial contempt for native cultures and approving of the violence used to dismantle them. Both Locke and Mill shared a firm belief in the equality of men and used it to justify and regulate colonial rule. And they also failed to understand the extremely complex relationship between human being and their cultures. Liberals do believe in equal respect for all human beings, but they find it difficult to accord equal respect to those who do not value autonomy, individuality, self-determination, choice, secularism, ambition, competition and the pursuit of wealth.

Analysis of the UK Approach to Work Training and Skills Essay -- uk wor

Training and skills shortages have been a concern to industry and part of the national debate since pre-war years, resulting in many schemes and approaches by successive governments to confront these challenges over the years (Keep, 2012).Indeed political parties, trade unions and employers regardless of political affiliation agree that training and skills are essential components of economic success and competitiveness (Grugulis, 2007).Governance of the skills and training system in the UK is overseen by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, (BIS) which is a government department, partnered with the Skills Funding Agency, whose role is to fund and promote adult further education and skills training in England. Although, the Government Department aims to improve the Quality and efficiency in training and skills there are no regulations to support the actions. This essay will analyse the UK approach to work training and skills in view of current data and in comparison t o specific countries Despite the various frameworks and initiatives by successive Governments, the UK has traditionally led a voluntarist market based approach to training, hence, it is left to individual employers whether they train their staff or not, with Governments attempting instead over the years to address skills shortages by policy innovation and the provision of infrastructures for the supply of skills (Gold et al, 2013). This approach favoured by the UK is based on assumptions of free market principles, that organisations are more competitive and efficient and can target training needs effectively to their needs. (Redman et Al, 2009).Although, it could be argued that the UK in setting up frameworks and initiatives are seeking to influence... ... (2013), UK Commissions Employer Skills Survey Results 2013, [Online] Available: http://www.ukces.org.uk/assets/ukces/docs/publications/ukces-employer-skills-survey-13-executive-summary-81.pdf [Accessed 20/02/2014] Saks, A. M. & Haccoun, R. R. 2010. Managing Performance Through Training and Development, Nelson Education. Simon Smith, Peter Stokes, John Wilson, (2014) "Exploring the impact of Investors in People: A focus on training and development, job satisfaction, and awareness of the Standard", Employee Relations, Vol. 36 Iss: 3 Stewart, J. & Rogers, P. 2012. Developing People and Organisations, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Telegraph, (2014) Apprentices are for life, not just for this week. [Online] Available:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jobs/10679733/Apprentices-are-for-life-not-just-for-this-week.html [Accessed 01/003/2014]

Prevention of Stress

To help reduce stress and improve the quality of life, many organizations are becoming more involved in wellness programs. With increasing health care costs, many employers are concentrating on disease prevention and health promotion. By putting a wellness program in place, it leads to a healthier workforce which increases its productivity level, reduces employee absenteeism, creates less overtime, and it also cuts the cost of health benefits (Kizer, 1987). Another reason that many companies are developing a wellness program within the organization is the effect it has on the bottom line. By preventing stress, an organization has happy healthy employees which means t quality and quantity of work will be improved. For example † A middle manager may be a company's shining star, but if he is living in constant disharmony at home, or if his teenage daughter, whom he suspects is using street drugs, did not come home until 3 a. m. last Saturday night this promising manager is not going to be particularly efficient at even routine daily tasks. A worksite wellness program could help† (Kizer, 1987, p. 36). Another contributing factor to higher job related stress is less leisure and vacation time. Throughout the 1980s, the amount of paid time off for employees is act† shrinking. Many European workers are gaining vacation time, while Americans are losing it. † In the last decade, U. S. workers have gotten less paid time off – on the order of three and a half fewer days each year of vacation time, holidays, sick pay, and other paid absences. † (Schor, 1991 p. 32). Many companies faced an economic squeeze in the 1980†³s. Vacations and holidays were among the cost-cutting efforts. DuPont reduced its top vacation allotment time from seven four weeks. They also eliminated three of their paid holidays a year. With the new trend of downsizing, many employees are fearful of job loss and therefore, spend less time away from the workplace (Schor, 1991, p. 32). Individuals who experience high or frequent levels of stress need to learn to cope. High levels of stress can effect job performance and it can also be unhealthy. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, people need to attempt to take responsibility for stress. Those individuals need to learn more about stress in general and how it effects them. They also need to develop technique. for monitoring personal levels of stress and develop techniques to deal with job related stress. Employees should look within the organization on ways to alleviate stress and how to cope more effectively. Organizations an often unnecessarily stressful and should be changed to reduce the negative impact on individuals' physical and mental health (Paine, 1982, p. 21). Three major strategies for strengthening individuals are workshops, stress management skills, and focused short term counseling. Introductory workshops are essential to communicate and educate to be more mentally and physically healthy. Such workshops which specialize in topics as time management or relaxation techniques help to alleviate the stress in one's life (Paine, 1982, p. 22). Finding techniques that deal with personal stress can also be useful in dealing with job stress. Regular aerobic exercise to deep breathing techniques are potentially useful in stress management. Many specialist agree that there is not any one method to overcome the problem. One needs to realize their own self needs and strengths in dealing with stress management (Paine, 1982, p. 23). There are many different ways in which you can deal with job stress. Individuals can take on simple self-help countermeasures. There is also help from friends, colleagues, spouse, or other relatives. Professional help is available from clergymen, physicians, or counselors. The worksite offers several advantages for employees interested in making healthy lifestyle changes. The advantages include: Most employees go to a worksite on a regular schedule, thus providing opportunities for regular participation in wellness programs. Contact with co-workers can provide strong social support which is believed to be a primary force in sustaining lifestyle changes. Opportunities for strong, steady support of the program, as well as for promoting the concept that good health is good for everyone. Programs at the worksite may be less expensive to the employee than comparable programs in the community or may even be offered free as an employee benefit. Because of the varity of data systems available, it is possible to evaluate changes in an employee's health status or other measures resulting from the program. The most attractive feature from an employee†s viewpoint is the fact that the program is convenient. From the employers viewpoint the benefits of worksite health promotion for stress include: Improved employee relations Improved retention Improved community relations. Reduced absenteeism Reduced number of hours lost to late arrivals and sick davs. Since there's no getting around life†s problems, the best way to manage stress is to learn better coping skills. First pinpoint the reasons for stress in your life. Then try changing your attitude about them. Learn what you can control and accept the things you cannot. Practice self talk (this to shall pass, Some day we will laugh about this, or Its a learning experience). Keep your perspective. Ask yourself, â€Å"Will I remember this in five years? † Try to find the positive side to a stressful situation. Do not worry about things that may never happen. Practice positive self-talk, for example,†I can do this,†or â€Å"I'm in control. â€Å"Negative self-talk such as, â€Å"I have to be perfect,† or â€Å"I can't do this,† produces more stress. Take action to manage stress. Changes and stress create energy. Are you using that energy to continue toward your goals? Or are you letting stress make you unhappy and unproductive? Take action to control your stress, both at work and at home. Manage your time better- make a â€Å"to do† list. Make it realistic so you can do the things listed and set priorities. Break task into bite size chunks. Delegate as much as possible. Keep in mind that tomorrow is another day and accept the fact that you may not get everything done today. Make sure you are communicating effectively- Go into stressful meetings as fully prepared as possible. Organize your thoughts, establish eye contact and listen for the whole message, including content feelings, and meanings. Remember that solving problems depends on give and take. Be prepared to negotiate and compromise. Break the tension cycle-At your desk, close your eyes, breathe deeply and relax. Laugh with co-workers, go out for lunch. At home, read a book, take a walk, chat with next door neighbors. Gets plenty of regular exercise and sleep-they will help you cope better. Get organized at home-Set daily and weekly routines for household chores. Delegate some chores to other family members. Cook meals in large quantities and freeze some for later. Plan for emergencies, keep first aid supplies and an extra set of car keys around. Stress can affect your self-esteem and your health, if you let it. Be kind to yourself. Relax, keep a positive attitude and get involved in activities you enjoy. Build on your strengths, take care of yourself Also team to reach out to others. Everyone needs a support system, a network of trustworthy people you care about and who care about you. Share your feelings so that they don't build up. Then focus on building positive energy. Stress is a normal, involuntary response to any demand made upon the body. Stress is very complex. Sources of stress may be made either more positive or more negative by a range of factors related to a given situation. Stress has become a widely used yet poorly understood term. As a result, a number of misconceptions about stress exist. Three of the most identified misconceptions are that: all stress is dab, stress is a part of life and there is nothing you can do about it, and stress is caused solely and completely by environmental factors. Stress is very much a personal condition, and individuals vary in their ability to cope with different forms and levels of stress. An example of this stress on a personal note would be co-worker conflict. When this stress occurs co-workers should discuss this matter privately. If possible, arrange your meeting on neutral grounds. Approach the person in a non-threatening manner. Respond to them with: â€Å"I would like to talk something over with you. † Try to make the other person feel less defensive or angry. Do not blame the other person. Listen closely to the other person. Understanding the other point of view may help you feet less stressful. Focus on ways to solve the problem. In this I mean do not revisit every past negative incident, this may distract from the resolution. Finally if none of the above work, seek help. If necessary talk with an employee assistance counselor who can help develop ground rules for such discussions and promote respectful communications. Stress is a complex process. It can arise in white collar as well as in blue-collar workers. Surveys have found little difference between white and blue-collar workers in terms of complaints, health, life satisfaction, depression, or other indicators of stress. Shift workers are thought to be more susceptible to stress-related illnesses. Because of personal involvement with the disruption in basic steep patterns and disruption in social life. Since every situation is unique, there are probably as many separate sources of stress as there are work situation. This may is important to recognize when seeking to evaluate working environments for sources of stress. Never the less sources of work related stress can be grouped into four general categories. Work load-which means stress resulting from to much work, to little work, work that is to hard or to easy. Work conditions-refers to a wide variety of factors including organization structure, such as job loss, change in work, and similar factors. Work patterns- pertains to shift work, repetitive work, and paced work Work roles-, which can be stressful because of role expectations with efficient use of resources and staff. Employers may also wish to introduce an EAP, which provides an effective strategy for assisting employees with personal and work related problems. Where organizations believe it would be necessary to make decisions about the quality of the proposed program. Such decisions should be made on the basis of a well-defined set of criteria. The following set of eight criteria for evaluating and selecting a stress intervention program is suggested.

Challenges/ Problems facing Air Cargo

I had the opportunity of talking to Mark Peterson an employee of National Air Cargo working in the Marketing and planning department and ask him some of the challenges the company is facing and what can be done to solve the problems.National air cargo is a worldwide air cargo service provider that is committed to delivering its clients goods in a fast, efficient and reliable way. As much as it is renowned for the good work it does, it is faced with several challenges that need to be addressed for it to be the very best in this field.The most critical problems/Challenges facing National Air cargoThe fluctuations in the oil prices especially the threats of increasing the global oil prices has seriously affected the air cargo business. National air cargo is feeling this impact as a lot of money is now being spent on fuel and this has led to cuts in various operations and the budget.The impact of this is a reduction in the number of flights so as to meet their budget requirements and mak e profits, some workers being laid off and less profit for the company.Another problem is the Air cargo security risks. National air Cargo is facing potential risks that come in the form of the ever increasing cases of theft and smuggling and the shipping undetected materials so as to meet strict deadlines.This poses a great danger in that one can never be sure of what is being transported and there are possibilities of carrying explosive devices that will not only destroy goods but endangering the lives of all those on board.The future of National air cargoThe future of National Air Cargo will be better and brighter because it aims at expanding its cargo facilities, improving baggage handling equipment as it embraces new technologies and making sure that it retains its employees and even recruit more qualified personnel.All this can and will be achieved if the current leaders take it upon themselves to make sure that they can forecast better on what lies in the future so that when plans are made, they can have allowances for uncertainties and this will ensure that the impact of the uncertainties will not be as harsh as we see now.More attention should also be placed on integrating technology into the system so that there is better advanced ways of tracking cargo as it departs from the ports to their arrival destinations and also to be used in cargo inspection. So that our clients receive the services they are supposed to in a more qualified, responsive and personalized smooth way.Comments or suggestions for members in an air cargo management classManagers and future managers in the air cargo business need to be sufficiently self aware, cognitive and morally developed in order to understand not only how to develop a shared vision within their organizations but also how to effectively communicate and implement the necessary skills, policies and plans that are of use to their businesses.The members attending the air cargo management class should be aware of air operations, be risk takers and listen to their fellow workmates so that they can get to know their views and opinions in certain issues as this will broaden their ways on thinking and even get solutions to the various problems that affect the company.In doing so, they will become better leaders and colleagues who have the best interest of their organization at heart.ReferencesInterview with Mark Peterson, National Air Cargo: Marketing and Planning Department

Diet Nutrition and Metabolism Diet Essay

Diet Nutrition and Metabolism Diet Essay Diet: Nutrition and Metabolism Diet Essay Ballerina Diet Each serving of food must be divided into half; Soups are independent meals and should be eaten separately from other foods; Never mix different type of protein in one meal (such as fish, meat and dairy); Use only low fat or fat free dairy products (including cheeses), always dilute milk with water or ice; Never add sugar or sugar substitutes to your drinks; Use only home made mayonnaise without egg yolks and salt; Do not use salt; substitute it with soy sauce and spices; Drink water 30 minutes before meal or 1 hour after; Drink at least 8-10 cups of water every day; Drink slimming tea regularly. The main principle of metabolism diet is that you limit your daily food consumption to 10 products that you select in advance. In addition, you have to eat al least 5 small meals per day. If you manage to follow this simple rule you will lose up to 6 pounds in one week depending on your body weight and previous eating habits. Furthermore, it is necessary to consume each of these ten products every day during this week. You are allowed to mix and match the foods as you wish as long as your total daily intake does not exceed thee pounds. Additionally you may enhance the flavor of your meals with different spices such as onion, garlic, parsley, dill, lemon juice, honey, and pepper. You may also add two table spoon of extra virgin olive oil in your meals every day. Last but not least, remember

7 Tips to Automate Social Media Marketing Like a Boss - CoSchedule Blog

7 Tips to Automate Social Media Marketing Like a Boss Blog I saw a speaker at a big conference tell thousands of marketers  that automating social media posting  is evil. This was my first thought: Uh. What? That is TERRIBLE advice. ^  Thats all caps, bold, italics, and underline. Because its really stupid advice. Heres why. In general, automating your social media posts  can help you: Schedule  once and reap long-term benefits. Get more results with less effort. Communicate consistently and intelligently with your following. Of course, there are automation fails you should probably avoid like automatically replying to mentions that contain positive words. Because you might just end up looking like this: Image curated from this post from Spokal. So  what should you automate? Automate the social media posts that share your content and curated content. Its that simple. Your other option is to take that speakers advice and: Sit in front of your computer all day long. Memorize the best times + days to post on every social network. Set up reminders on your Google Calendar to help you post at those times. Write messages and design graphics on the fly when its time to post. Log in and out of every social network account you manage. Try to multi-task (even though its been proven that multi-tasking decreases your productivity). Feel stressed out all day long. ^ That sounds terrible, doesnt it? ;) Automation Youre Already Super Comfortable With Let me compare automatically posting your social media content to something youre already super  comfortable with scheduling. You aim to have several blog posts complete for at least a couple weeks from now. That way, you dont have to stress at the last second, and post content that might not be up to your standards of performance. You schedule those blog posts. Thats a form of automation. With automatic social media posting, you write and design your content, then simply schedule it to share at a later date. This automation helps you complete  and schedule your work at one time to eliminate the tedious, manual busywork that would otherwise force you to multitask and dramatically decrease your productivity. Social media automation eliminates tedious, manual busywork.3 Social Media Automation Myths So lets look at  some of the illogic against automatically sharing your social media content. Here are some things people say: 1. Automated Social Media Posts Are Penalized Buffer compiled original research comparing organically posted Facebook messages against messages posted  from a third-party tool. The findings? Posts from third-party tools, like (and Buffer, which  nicely integrates with), do not receive less engagement than  natively posted Facebook messages. 2. Automated Social Marketing  Is Impersonal You still need to write  your messages and design the  visuals youll share. ^ This takes a personal touch. If anything, dedicating time to write and design your content ahead of schedule should help you create better content. You wont be creating on the fly and posting instantly, which gives you the opportunity to strategize rather than react. With automation, you simply decide to share that content at a later time. 3. Automatic Social Media Posting Strips Engagement You still need to plan time to respond + engage with your audience when they share your content, reply to your social shares, and reach out to you. ^ This is not something to automate. 7 Tips  To  Automate Social Media Posts Like A Boss 1.  Plan A Variety Of Messages  For  Each Newsfeed Sure, you can share content  headlines. But  as your audience looks at your newsfeed on any social network, youll want a variety of message types that tend to work extremely well. Think about: Pro Tip: Use the Headline Analyzer built into  your marketing calendar to brainstorm many versions of your headlines for social shares. This practice allows you to share the same piece of content across multiple networks multiple times without making it feel like youre just sharing the same thing over and over when you automate. 2. Write For Each Network While advice on writing for social media generally spans all networks, there are mechanics to consider with your text. You will want to write multiple  messages for each network, especially if you plan to recycle those in your social media automation. 3. Design For Each Network Like the actual text in your social media messages,  optimize your visuals for each network. 4. Create A Posting Schedule For Every Piece Of Content You Publish + Curate By this point, youve written multiple engaging social media messages for each network. Youve also designed and optimized your visuals for each network. Now its time to think about scheduling and automating those social media messages.   helps you organize a posting schedule you can reuse again and again. Its called Social Templates. That feature helps you create a social media campaign template once, then reuse it later to save you from the  tedious, manual busywork of social media scheduling. In your calendar, open the piece of content you want to share. Then add the Social Campaign. Click on the Social Templates icon, and + Create New Template. Name your Social Template, then use Social Helpers to create placeholders where youll later place your actual social media message content. I think of Social Helpers like form fields: You are creating the template youll fill in and reuse again and again later on. So Social Helpers are reminders of what you want to include  in your posting schedule. You can use Social Helpers tons of different ways but if you took my advice and wrote and designed engaging messages for each network, Id label your text helpers and image helpers to complement one another. Let me show you by example. Lets say you wrote and designed three Facebook messages. In your Social Template, create Social Helpers for each of the three messages with a Text Helper and Image Helper to complement each other. This will ensure you match up your content the way youd expect: Text Helper: {facebook1} Image Helper: {facebook1} Text Helper: {facebook2} Image Helper: {facebook2} Text Helper: {facebook2} Image Helper: {facebook2} You get the idea. Now you can flesh out a posting schedule for every network in one place. After  youve created your Social Template,  apply it to your content and fill in the Social Helpers with the messages youve created. Now youll automatically share engaging content well beyond the moment you wrote your social media messages. Social Templates are available in all new marketing calendars! 5. Automatically Share At The Best Times For Each Social Network As you create your  posting schedule, its helpful to know the best times to post  on each network. Youre more likely to get the engagement, shares, and traffic you deserve by automatically sharing your content when each specific networks audience is most active: Luckily for you, this data is  built right into . As you set up your Social Template and schedule your messages, you can leave your default schedule setting on Best Time. will automatically share your message on the day you schedule at the best time to increase your engagement. Its a nifty feature we call Best Time Scheduling, and its available in  all new marketing calendars. That means you get all the benefits of reaching your audience without having to remember all the tedious data  about when each networks  users are typically active. 6. Share The Perfect Amount On  Each Network Even when you set up campaigns for each piece of content you publish and curate, there will be times when youre missing  engagement opportunities: So how can you fill in the gaps in your posting schedule to  share the perfect amount to every social network, every day?

The Case of IBM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Case of IBM - Assignment Example Description of Louis Gerstner’s implementation style of IBM’s competitive strategy in the early 1990s. The implementation strategy was something of a giant gamble. What Gerstner ultimately attempted to do was to take a failing and unprofitable firm and completely redefine the way in which it marketed itself and integrated with the needs of the consumer/market. As a function of this, he not only drastically reduced the workforce of the multi-national firm, he also resisted the urge to break IBM into smaller companies that would focus on individual market needs; rather, he decided that the strength within the IBM brand name and recognition could help the sum of the components to achieve a higher level of net worth and growth as a single entity. In this way, the business concept of synergy is aptly portrayed. With regards to the competitive strategy, Gerstner reviewed the market and saw that IBM was already far behind the curve with relation to the development and invention of new business products, PCs, printers, memory devices etc. Rather than attempting to expend huge amounts of capit al, much of which had already been lost as a result of several years of severe losses, Gerstner saw the better approach would be to focus upon an area of the market whose potential had yet to be fully tapped; i.e. business and consumer services. What are the implications of the globally integrated enterprise model for marketing managers in Australia and New Zealand subsidiary of IBM? This approach helped to decentralize the decision making process that was engaged in the nations and markets of New Zealand and Australia. Ultimately, although a somewhat dangerous maneuver, this helped to allow a degree of self-determination with respect the best way to integrate with consumer demands and needs within these markets. By allowing such a process to move forward, IBM made a risky gamble that ultimately paid off many times over. By relying on subject matter expects and oversight within these given markets rather than a centralized command and control within IBM headquarters profits from such markets soon rose precipitously and allowed the firm the wherewithal to continue with the bold changes that defined the decade of the 1990’s and the subsequent rebirth and renewed profitability of the firm (Stover, 2005). Discuss the ele ments of the marketing strategy that makes IBM successful in today’s global marketplace These strategies have been briefly touched upon within the preceding 3 answers that this study has touched upon. However, the most important strategy which was mentioned, in the mind of this analyst, is the level to which Gerstner chose to remove all other consideratinos from the table and focus soley upon integrating directly with consumer needs and market demands; rather than focusing upon the old tried and true products that had built IBM into such a formidable